Unconscious death wishes
Freud's future wife. aged 18. Ready to be killed off.
Freud's fantasy about killing off his wife
In an interview, Peter Swales, one of the world's leading authorities - perhaps the leading authority - on the early life of Freud and on the early history of psychoanalysis (1), told the interviewer that, Freud had some fantasies about killing off his wife! (2) Interestingly, the interviewer didn't ask Swales to elaborate. So, how can we know that Swales was right about Freud's murderous urges regarding his wife?
Having access to Freud's letters to his fiancé, Martha, Freud's authorised biographer, Jones, learned, how mighty were the passions that animated Freud and how unlike he was in reality to the calm scientist he is often depicted.
Without a doubt, Freud was a violent person, much more so than usual. As Jones pointed out, He was beyond doubt someone whose instincts were far more powerful than those of the average man, but whose repressions were even more potent. (3) In other words, Freud only pretended to be a calm man of science, while covering his hatred of the people he interacted with. As he aged, Freud wasn't hiding his hatred of his fellow humans.
Monstrous longing
As it is apparent from his letters to Martha, Freud's emotions were not of the more usual loving kind. Thus, in one letter he confessed to her that he experienced, a frightful yearning - frightful is hardly the right word, better would be uncanny, monstrous, ghastly, gigantic; in short, an indescribable longing for you, (4) Without a doubt, Freud, already early on, in their relationship, displayed signs of emotional instability suited more for a murderer rather than for a romantic lover. Without a doubt, this isn't a confession of a sane person, but Martha was undeterred.
Freud's deadly anxiety
As Jones recounted, Freud was always very anxious about the health and safety of his precious betrothed. In the summer of 1885 there was news that she was not quite well. Most people worry when a member of one's family is ill but, as it will be apparent, Freud's worry has a different cause.
Significantly, even though most people wouldn't realise what Freud was saying, and why, Freud wrote in the letter to his fiancé:
I really get quite beside myself when I am disturbed about you. I lose at once all sense of values, and at moments a frightful dread comes over me lest you fall ill. I am so wild that I can't write much more.
This is not a confession of a worried lover but of a madman that even Freud, to his credit, realised. As jones pointed out, already, 'The next day, on July 7, 1885, after getting a card from her he wrote: So I was quite wrong in imagining you to be ill. I was very crazy ... One is very crazy when one is in love.
Unconscious death wishes
So, how does Freud's worry about Martha's health relate to Freud's wish to murder her? Hinting at Freud's special motivation for his worry about someone's health, Schur explained that, Freud's. fears were also an expression of ambivalence, of unconscious death wishes. (5) So, Freud's worry about his fiancé's health meant that he wished his fiancé dead. This is what Freud's fear about someone's health amounted to.
(1) Janet Malcolm, In the Freud Archives, (1985, p. 91).
(2) Rudnytsky, Peter L., Psychoanalytic Conversations: Interviews with Clinicians, Commentators, and Critics, (2000. p. 343).
(3) Jones, Ernest, Sigmund Freud: Life and Work: The Formative Years and the Great Discoveries, 1856-1900, (1953, p. 138).
(4) Jones, (1953, p. 169).
(5) Schur, Max, Freud: Living and Dying, (1972, p. 181).
Worried about his family and others
Freud wasn't limiting himself to fantasising about killing off his wife only. As his physician, Schur recounted: The Fliess correspondence also reveals Freud’s fearful preoccupation with the danger of a train accident when members of his family, or Fliess, went on a trip. ... In many letters to Fliess, Freud indicated the terrifying thoughts he had whenever he did not hear from the latter at regular intervals (e.g., letter of February 1, 1900). *
Those terrifying thoughts were Freud's wishes that not only his boyfriend Fliess. but also the members of his family, died in an accident. Why didn't Freud kill the members of his family? He did, but only if he could avoid being caught. To name only a few: Freud killed his English nephew, John, and his father, as well as his eldest English half-brother, Emanuel.
Freud was insane, but not insane enough to kill the members of his family in Vienna, risking spending his life in an Austrian prison. On the other hand, as recounted earlier, he tried to kill Fliess, but failed.
Elsewhere, Schur again pointed out Freud's deadly obsession revealing that, Freud was frequently quite concerned when Fliess or others were traveling and he either did not receive regular messages from them or read in the newspaper about train accidents. **
Notably, Schur pointed out that besides worrying about Fliess or members of his family, Freud was also worried about unnamed others. As it is apparent, Freud didn't limit his death wish to his boyfriend or his closest relatives.
In some cases Freud was satisfied with worrying only, in others he was helping the selected victims to travel to Hades.
* Schur, Max, Freud: Living and Dying, (1972, p. 181).
** Schur, (1972, p. 240).